Peru Trade and Investment Report 2025
Overview
Peru's exports and imports both increased in 2025, and its trade surplus expanded as international prices for mineral resources such as copper and gold rose. Copper and gold were the main exports, while agricultural products, processed foods, and fresh blueberries also grew. Imports of raw materials and intermediate goods, as well as industrial and transport capital goods, increased. China was Peru's largest trading partner, and two-way trade with the United States increased for the first time in three years.
Key points
- Export growth outpaced import growth, and the trade surplus expanded.
- Copper and gold were the main exports, while agricultural products, processed foods, and fresh blueberries also increased.
- China was the largest trading partner, and the United States ranked second.
- Imports of raw materials and intermediate goods, as well as industrial and transport capital goods, increased.
Overview
In 2025, customs-based exports rose 22.1% year on year to 90.914 billion dollars, while imports increased 11.2% to 57.152 billion dollars. Driven by rising international prices for mineral resources, the trade surplus reached 33.762 billion dollars, up 46.2%.
Details
Copper exports rose 22.9% year on year and accounted for 31.8% of total exports; gold exports rose 47.1% and accounted for 22.2%, up from 18.4% the previous year. According to an IPE survey in May 2024, illegal miners were responsible for 44% of actual gold exports, and smuggling is not reflected in the statistics. If the REINFO system is revised, recorded gold exports could increase substantially. Agricultural products and processed foods were valued at 13.14 billion dollars, up 14.5%. Blueberry exports rose 14.9% to 331,000 tonnes and went to 50 countries and regions, with the United States, the EU, and China accounting for 85.1%. Peru had not exported blueberries to Japan; quarantine arrangements have been under discussion since a request to lift the import ban in 2017.
Raw materials and intermediate goods accounted for 46.7% of total imports, rising 5.6% year on year to 26.685 billion dollars; industrial raw materials increased 14.7%. Capital goods imports rose 15.2% to 10.892 billion dollars for industrial uses and 26.7% to 5.018 billion dollars for transport equipment.
Two-way trade with China increased 28.5% to 51.112 billion dollars, with exports and imports both reaching record highs. Exports to China rose 32.5% to 33.247 billion dollars, accounting for 36.6% of all exports. Copper was valued at 28.46 billion dollars, or 76% of total copper exports, and fishmeal at 1.859 billion dollars, or 79%. Imports from China increased 21.7% to 17.865 billion dollars.
Two-way trade with the United States increased for the first time in three years, rising 8.3% to 20.408 billion dollars. Exports rose 6.8% to 10.181 billion dollars, half of which consisted of agricultural products; imports increased 9.8% to 10.226 billion dollars. The United States supplied 63% of Peru's fuel and accounted for 99.8% of its cotton fiber imports.