The National Institute for Defense Studies, Ministry of Defense, analyzed Malaysia's approach to South China Sea issues, focusing on conflict avoidance and moderate response strategies.
This research examines Malaysia's diplomatic and security strategies in managing territorial disputes in the South China Sea while balancing relationships with major powers, particularly China and the United States. The study analyzes how Malaysia has pursued a pragmatic approach that seeks to avoid direct confrontation while protecting its maritime interests.
Malaysia's Strategic Position
Malaysia's position on South China Sea issues reflects its broader foreign policy principles of non-alignment, regional cooperation, and peaceful dispute resolution. The research examines how Malaysia has navigated complex territorial claims while maintaining economic ties with China and security cooperation with the United States and other partners.
The analysis covers Malaysia's claims in the South China Sea, particularly regarding the continental shelf areas off Sarawak and Sabah, and how these claims intersect with those of other claimants including China, Philippines, Vietnam, and Brunei.
Diplomatic Approach and Conflict Management
The study examines Malaysia's diplomatic strategies including bilateral negotiations, multilateral engagement through ASEAN, and support for international law-based solutions. Malaysia has consistently advocated for peaceful resolution of disputes in accordance with international law, particularly the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).
The research analyzes Malaysia's role in ASEAN's collective approach to South China Sea issues, including efforts to develop a Code of Conduct with China and maintain ASEAN unity on regional maritime security issues.
Economic Considerations and Energy Security
The analysis examines how Malaysia's approach to South China Sea issues is influenced by economic factors, particularly energy security concerns and joint development opportunities. Malaysia has pursued joint development agreements and confidence-building measures while avoiding actions that could escalate tensions.
The research addresses Malaysia's efforts to balance territorial claims with practical cooperation in areas such as fisheries management, environmental protection, and maritime safety.
Regional Security Implications
The study examines the broader implications of Malaysia's moderate approach for regional stability and great power competition in Southeast Asia. Malaysia's strategy of engagement rather than confrontation provides an alternative model for dispute management in contested areas.
The article concludes that Malaysia's approach offers insights into how middle powers can manage territorial disputes while maintaining strategic autonomy and promoting regional stability in an era of increasing great power competition.